Selma anniversary puts spotlight on deep poverty, With the marking of the 50th anniversary of Bloody Sunday this weekend, America was reminded of how this small city helped bring sweeping change to the nation.
But while Selma might have transformed America, in many ways time has stood still in this community of 20,000 that was at the epicenter of the push that culminated with the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Dallas County, of which Selma is the county seat, was the poorest in Alabama last year. Selma has an unemployment rate of 10.2%, compared to the 5.5% national average.
More than 40% of families and 67% of children in the county live below the poverty line. The violent crime rate is five times the state average. The Birmingham News called the region, which is known as the Black Belt because of its rich soil, "Alabama's Third World."
Selma sowed, but it did not reap," said James Perkins Jr., who became the city's first African-American mayor in 2000. "So many of the benefits that went to other places in the South and around the world since the Voting Act of 1965 did not come to Selma. I hope this 50th anniversary will help Selma begin reaping some of those benefits."
The world's eyes were again on Selma, as tens of thousands — including President Obama and his family — descended on the city to commemorate the marches here that raised the nation's consciousness and led to the end of discriminatory practices that largely excluded blacks from the ballot box.
Organizers will continue the commemoration on Sunday with a re-enactment of the "turnaround Tuesday" march that occurred just two days after the Bloody Sunday march in which state troopers and a sheriff's posse set upon the peaceful demonstrators with billy clubs and tear gas.
As America honors the heroes of 1965, many are expressing grief over how Selma has weathered the last half-century.
Not long after blacks began making political headway here after passage of the Voting Rights Act, this city's economy collapsed.
Craig Air Force Base, which hosted an undergraduate pilot training, was closed in 1977. The base housed about 2,500 people and it contributed millions of dollars to the local economy.
After the events of the marches of 1965, white flight began. About 10,000 white residents have left Selma in the past three decades, leaving it 80% African American.
The city's downtown, which sits along the Alabama River, has a bucolic charm from afar, but it is also pocked with as many vacant buildings as occupied ones.
"It feels like nothing new has come here in decades," said Hubbert Fitzpatrick, 65, who grew up in area and now lives in Houston. "It's a little bit sad."Civil Rights leader Rev. Jesse Jackson pointed to the old home in Selma of Amelia Boynton Robinson, who played a key role in the 1965 marches, as a tragic symbol of what's become of Selma. Her home was where a group of U.S. congressman, Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. and other civil right leaders gathered to write the first draft of the Voting Rights Act.
Now the home sits boarded up, indistinguishable from the many other vacant houses in that neighborhood.
"We really should be focused on protest rather than celebration," Jackson said. "We are under attack in this season."
David Garrow, a historian and author of Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, said he decided to skip this week's events because Selma has become "a symbolic holiday for celebrities," rather than a solemn commemoration of the goals of the Selma campaign — including the need to fight poverty.
Instead, the celebrations in Selma have the effect of "reducing history to a photo opp," Garrow added.
"The focus should be on investment and economic development in places like Selma," Garrow said. "The focus should be on what we can do for Selma, not what Selma can do for us."
But while Selma might have transformed America, in many ways time has stood still in this community of 20,000 that was at the epicenter of the push that culminated with the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Dallas County, of which Selma is the county seat, was the poorest in Alabama last year. Selma has an unemployment rate of 10.2%, compared to the 5.5% national average.
More than 40% of families and 67% of children in the county live below the poverty line. The violent crime rate is five times the state average. The Birmingham News called the region, which is known as the Black Belt because of its rich soil, "Alabama's Third World."
Selma sowed, but it did not reap," said James Perkins Jr., who became the city's first African-American mayor in 2000. "So many of the benefits that went to other places in the South and around the world since the Voting Act of 1965 did not come to Selma. I hope this 50th anniversary will help Selma begin reaping some of those benefits."
The world's eyes were again on Selma, as tens of thousands — including President Obama and his family — descended on the city to commemorate the marches here that raised the nation's consciousness and led to the end of discriminatory practices that largely excluded blacks from the ballot box.
Organizers will continue the commemoration on Sunday with a re-enactment of the "turnaround Tuesday" march that occurred just two days after the Bloody Sunday march in which state troopers and a sheriff's posse set upon the peaceful demonstrators with billy clubs and tear gas.
As America honors the heroes of 1965, many are expressing grief over how Selma has weathered the last half-century.
Not long after blacks began making political headway here after passage of the Voting Rights Act, this city's economy collapsed.
Craig Air Force Base, which hosted an undergraduate pilot training, was closed in 1977. The base housed about 2,500 people and it contributed millions of dollars to the local economy.
After the events of the marches of 1965, white flight began. About 10,000 white residents have left Selma in the past three decades, leaving it 80% African American.
The city's downtown, which sits along the Alabama River, has a bucolic charm from afar, but it is also pocked with as many vacant buildings as occupied ones.
"It feels like nothing new has come here in decades," said Hubbert Fitzpatrick, 65, who grew up in area and now lives in Houston. "It's a little bit sad."Civil Rights leader Rev. Jesse Jackson pointed to the old home in Selma of Amelia Boynton Robinson, who played a key role in the 1965 marches, as a tragic symbol of what's become of Selma. Her home was where a group of U.S. congressman, Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. and other civil right leaders gathered to write the first draft of the Voting Rights Act.
Now the home sits boarded up, indistinguishable from the many other vacant houses in that neighborhood.
"We really should be focused on protest rather than celebration," Jackson said. "We are under attack in this season."
David Garrow, a historian and author of Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, said he decided to skip this week's events because Selma has become "a symbolic holiday for celebrities," rather than a solemn commemoration of the goals of the Selma campaign — including the need to fight poverty.
Instead, the celebrations in Selma have the effect of "reducing history to a photo opp," Garrow added.
"The focus should be on investment and economic development in places like Selma," Garrow said. "The focus should be on what we can do for Selma, not what Selma can do for us."
